Recomendaciones para la vacunación frente al ROTAvirus de los recién nacidos PREMaturos (ROTAPREM) / Recommendations for vaccination against ROTAvirus in PREMature newborns (ROTAPREM)

El rotavirus (RV) es la causa principal de diarrea infantil grave en todo el mundo e infecta prácticamente a todos los niños en los primeros 5 años de vida, sobre todo en los primeros 2años. Existen dos vacunas atenuadas de administración oral frente al RV disponibles en nuestro medio que han demostrado ser seguras y eficaces frente a la enfermedad. El objetivo principal de estas vacunas ha sido reproducir la historia natural de la infección y proteger frente a la enfermedad grave en los primeros meses de vida. Los recién nacidos prematuros son especialmente vulnerables a la enfermedad por RV, no solo por tener más riesgo de adquirir la infección, sino también por sus complicaciones. La vacunación frente al RV en niños prematuros ha mostrado resultados de eficacia y seguridad similares a los comunicados en niños a término, y los datos existentes sugieren un riesgo bajo de diseminación e infección nosocomial cuando la vacunación se realiza durante la hospitalización. Dado que un porcentaje estimable de recién nacidos prematuros permanecen ingresados en las unidades neonatales más allá de las 12semanas de vida, se considera que estos, siempre que su condición clínica lo permita, deben recibir la vacunación frente al RV sin retrasos, incluso durante la hospitalización si así fuese necesario

Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. Most children are infected by RV by the age of 5 years, and especially in the first 2 years. Two oral attenuated vaccines against RV are licensed in industrialised countries, which have proven to be safe and effective against the disease. The main objective of these vaccines has been to reproduce the natural history of infection and protect against severe disease in the first months of life. Preterm infants are at higher risk of severe RV infection compared to full-term infants and infants with normal birth weight. Data collected on RV vaccination in preterm infants demonstrated that RV vaccines are effective and safe, compared with full-term infants, with a marginal risk of horizontal viral transmission and dissemination when vaccination is performed during hospitalisation. Preterm infants frequently require admission to hospital after the beginning of the 12 th week of life, which suggests that they should receive RV vaccines during admission according to the official immunisation schedule

[Recommendations for vaccination against ROTAvirus in PREMature newborns (ROTAPREM)]. / Recomendaciones para la vacunación frente al ROTAvirus de los recién nacidos PREMaturos (ROTAPREM).

Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. Most children are infected by RV by the age of 5years, and especially in the first 2years. Two oral attenuated vaccines against RV are licensed in industrialised countries, which have proven to be safe and effective against the disease. The main objective of these vaccines has been to reproduce the natural history of infection and protect against severe disease in the first months of life. Preterm infants are at higher risk of severe RV infection compared to full-term infants and infants with normal birth weight. Data collected on RV vaccination in preterm infants demonstrated that RV vaccines are effective and safe, compared with full-term infants, with a marginal risk of horizontal viral transmission and dissemination when vaccination is performed during hospitalisation. Preterm infants frequently require admission to hospital after the beginning of the 12th week of life, which suggests that they should receive RV vaccines during admission according to the official immunisation schedule.

Developmental Outcomes, Attachment and Parenting: Study of a Sample of Spanish Premature Children.

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the development of premature children, including attachment, child psychological adjustment and parental variables. 130 children < 1,500 g or < 32 weeks at birth from two public hospitals, assessed at two years corrected age, together with their parents. Parental socio-demographic data was collected. Infant development, attachment and child psychological adjustment were evaluated, as was parental stress. The percentage of preterm children with developmental delays ranged from 5% to 21%. Girls tend to show higher levels of development than boys with effect sizes ranging from small, η2p = .02, to medium, η2p = .07. Secure attachment was the most frequent pattern in the sample. No significant differences, p < .05, between preterm children and the normative population were found on children´s behavioral problems and maternal stress levels. Despite the fact prematurity is considered to be a risk factor for a child´s development, a significant proportion of these children do not show problems in terms of developmental levels, attachment pattern and maternal stress. However, socio-emotional and affective domains, as well as psychological support programs for parenthood, should be followed up from a multidisciplinary perspective.

Developmental outcomes, attachment and parenting: study of a sample of Spanish premature children

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the development of premature children, including attachment, child psychological adjustment and parental variables. 130 children < 1,500 g or < 32 weeks at birth from two public hospitals, assessed at two years corrected age, together with their parents. Parental socio-demographic data was collected. Infant development, attachment and child psychological adjustment were evaluated, as was parental stress. The percentage of preterm children with developmental delays ranged from 5% to 21%. Girls tend to show higher levels of development than boys with effect sizes ranging from small, η2p = .02, to medium, η2p = .07. Secure attachment was the most frequent pattern in the sample. No significant differences, p < .05, between preterm children and the normative population were found on children's behavioral problems and maternal stress levels. Despite the fact prematurity is considered to be a risk factor for a child's development, a significant proportion of these children do not show problems in terms of developmental levels, attachment pattern and maternal stress. However, socio-emotional and affective domains, as well as psychological support programs for parenthood, should be followed up from a multidisciplinary perspective

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Quality of attachment in infants less than 1500g or less than 32weeks. Related factors.

BACKGROUND: Prematurity carries a high risk of mortality and sequelae, altering the bonding process and leading to repercussions in terms of attachment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the type of attachment in children under 32weeks' gestational age (GA) or below 1500g, in hospitals where development-centred care has been implemented and to study the association between various types of attachment and certain neonatal and family characteristics. METHOD: Children <1500g or <32weeks GA who were born or admitted before 48h of life to one of two hospitals in Madrid between January and December 2012 were candidates for the study. The type of attachment was assessed through the strange situation procedure (SSP). Attachment was classified according to three types: secure (B), avoidant (A), or resistant/ambivalent (C). Insecure attachment was considered to be A+C. Children were assessed at a corrected age of 2years using the Bayley III Scales and SSP. Data on the characteristics of the parents and children were collected. RESULTS: A total of 59% (117/199) of the children <1500g or <32weeks GA born in 2012 in the two study hospitals were able to be evaluated. Secure attachment was found in 64% (75/117), avoidant attachment in 12.8% (15/117), and resistant/ambivalent in 23.1% (27/117). The children with secure attachment had a score of 107.6±16 in the cognitive area of the Bayley's Scale versus 98.8±18.8 in those with insecure attachment (p 0.007). Frequency of secure attachment at ≤26weeks GA was 23% (3/13) versus 69% (72/104) in children >26weeks GA (p 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly two-thirds of the children studied presented secure attachment, which was associated with better cognitive development. The frequency of secure attachment is lower in the children born more preterm.